{"id":1126,"date":"2026-10-08T09:41:16","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T01:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/?p=1126"},"modified":"2026-10-08T09:43:32","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T01:43:32","slug":"more-output-from-the-same-basins-submerged-uf-retrofits-in-drinking-water-plants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/more-output-from-the-same-basins-submerged-uf-retrofits-in-drinking-water-plants\/","title":{"rendered":"Mai mult\u0103 produc\u021bie din acelea\u0219i bazine: Moderniz\u0103ri UF submers \u00een sta\u021biile de ap\u0103 potabil\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Despre<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00centr-o sta\u021bie de ap\u0103 potabil\u0103, UF submers\u0103 \u00eenlocuie\u0219te pasul <strong>filtr\u0103rii pe medii granulare<\/strong>(sau sedimenta\u021bia plus filtrarea).<\/li>\n<li>Retrofitul se plaseaz\u0103 de obicei \u00een celulele filtrului existente, bazinele de sedimentare sau compartimentele pentru apa clarificat\u0103. Acest lucru reprezint\u0103 adesea cea mai mare economie la lucr\u0103rile civile \u00eentr-un proiect de modernizare.<\/li>\n<li>Riscurile dominante provin din <strong>apa brut\u0103<\/strong>: algele care apar sezonier, condi\u021biile cu temperatur\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u0219i turbiditate mic\u0103, precum \u0219i dozarea de oxidan\u021bi incompatibil\u0103 cu materialul membranei \u2013 nu din n\u0103mol.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>De ce este necesar s\u0103 se fac\u0103 o modernizare \u0219i extindere simultan\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Proiectele de construc\u021bie nou\u0103 sunt o minoritate. Cele mai multe cereri vin de la sta\u021biile existente supuse trei presiuni: cre\u0219terea cererii populare sau industriale peste proiectul ini\u021bial; standarde mai stricte pentru apa finit\u0103, unde trenul conven\u021bional de coagulare\u2013sedimentare\u2013filtrare cu nisip\u2013dezinfec\u021bie ajunge la limita de turbiditate, microorganisme \u0219i produse secundare ale dezinfec\u021biei; \u0219i un teren acum \u00eenconjurat de ora\u0219, f\u0103r\u0103 spa\u021biu disponibil pentru extindere.<\/p>\n<p>Filtrele conven\u021bionale rapide prin gravita\u021bie func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la aproximativ 5\u20138 m\/h \u0219i sunt limitate de ciclurile de sp\u0103lare \u00eenapoi \u0219i de calibrarea mediilor. Pentru a ob\u021bine mai mult\u0103 produc\u021bie \u00een aceea\u0219i suprafa\u021b\u0103, fie construi\u021bi mai mult\u0103 suprafa\u021b\u0103 de filtrare, fie schimba\u021bi mecanismul de separare. UF submers\u0103 este cea de-a doua op\u021biune \u2013 \u0219i este, de asemenea, o solu\u021bie mai definitiv\u0103 pentru riscul de patogeni reprezentat de Cryptosporidium \u0219i Giardia.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce schimb\u0103 efectiv un retrofit cu UF submers\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\u00centr-o configura\u021bie submers\u0103, modulele de membran\u0103 se afl\u0103 direct \u00een apa rezervorului. Permeatul este extras printr-un vacuum moderat sau presiune joas\u0103, iar solidurile suspendate \u0219i coloidale r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een bazin. M\u0103rimea porilor este de obicei 0,01\u20130,02 \u03bcm \u2013 cu dou\u0103-trei ordine de m\u0103rime mai fin\u0103 dec\u00e2t scalul de captare al filtr\u0103rii cu nisip. Urmeaz\u0103 dou\u0103 lucruri.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1128\" style=\"width: 533px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1128\" title=\"Filtra\u021bia cu membran\u0103 UF submers\u0103\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091848-300x160.jpg\" alt=\"Submerged UF membrane filtration\" width=\"533\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091848-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091848-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091848-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091848.jpg 1002w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filtra\u021bia cu membran\u0103 UF submers\u0103<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, precizia filtr\u0103rii \u00eenlocuie\u0219te dependen\u021ba empiric\u0103 de calibrarea mediilor.<\/strong> Turbiditatea efluentului filtrului cu nisip este influen\u021bat\u0103 de variabilitatea apei brute, performan\u021ba sp\u0103l\u0103rii \u00eenapoi \u0219i starea patului de filtrare, \u0219i depinde foarte mult de judecata operatorului. Turbiditatea efluentului UF poate fi men\u021binut\u0103 sub 0,1 NTU pe perioade lungi, cu o corela\u021bie mult mai slab\u0103 cu fluctua\u021biile apei brute. Pentru o sta\u021bie unde turbiditatea este parametrul cheie de control, acesta este un salt \u00een controlabilitate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, suprafa\u021ba ocupat\u0103 \u00eenceteaz\u0103 s\u0103 mai fie o constr\u00e2ngere.<\/strong> Modulele se monteaz\u0103 \u00een celulele filtrului sau bazinele de sedimentare existente, transform\u00e2nd scopul civil de la construc\u021bie nou\u0103 la retrofit. \u00cen zone urbane dense, acest lucru decide adesea dac\u0103 un proiect are loc deloc.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1127\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1127\" style=\"width: 561px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1127\" title=\"Apa brut\u0103 \u0219i permeatul UF\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091904-300x159.jpg\" alt=\"Raw water and UF permeate\" width=\"561\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091904-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091904-768x406.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091904-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/\u5c4f\u5e55\u622a\u56fe-2026-10-08-091904.jpg 1005w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1127\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apa brut\u0103 \u0219i permeatul UF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Riscuri de proiectare \u00een retrofitul membranei UF la sta\u021biile de ap\u0103 potabil\u0103<\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 98.7593%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\"><strong>Risc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\"><strong>De ce conteaz\u0103<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.7422%;\" width=\"230\"><strong>Cum s\u0103-l abord\u0103m \u00een etapa de proiectare<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Algele care apar sezonier<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Algele \u0219i organicele lor extracelulare formeaz\u0103 un strat dens care nu poate fi recuperat de sp\u0103larea \u00eenapoi regulat\u0103<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.7422%;\" width=\"230\">Selecta\u021bi fluxul \u00een luna cu alge maxime, nu \u00een medie anual\u0103 a calit\u0103\u021bii apei, \u0219i permite\u021bi marj\u0103 de ajustare \u00een coagulare \u0219i pre-oxidare<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Temperatur\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103, turbiditate mic\u0103<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Sc\u0103derea temperaturii apei cre\u0219te viscozitatea \u0219i TMP la un flux dat, astfel c\u0103 produc\u021bia iarna poate fi mai mic\u0103<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.7422%;\" width=\"230\">Seta\u021bi fluxul de proiectare la cea mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 temperatur\u0103 anual\u0103 a apei \u0219i calcula\u021bi invers aria membranei din el<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Compatibilitatea cu oxidan\u021bi<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Dozarea excesiv\u0103 de pre-clorinare, permanganat sau ozon accelereaz\u0103 vechimea PVDF<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.7422%;\" width=\"230\">Cere\u021bi expunerea maxim\u0103 permis\u0103 a oxidantului (ppm\u00b7h) de la furnizorul membranei \u0219i seta\u021bi un plafon de dozare din ea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Sp\u0103larea \u00eenapoi \u0219i tratarea concentratelor<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Fluxul de \u00eentoarcere al sp\u0103l\u0103rii \u00eenapoi \u0219i turbiditatea care se transfer\u0103 cresc sarcina la etapa de coagulare, cre\u00e2nd un circuit<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.7422%;\" width=\"230\">Construi\u021bi un bilan\u021b al return\u0103rii sp\u0103l\u0103rii \u00eenapoi, decide\u021bi dac\u0103 se \u00eentoarce \u00eenaintea coagul\u0103rii \u0219i verifica\u021bi capacitatea de tratare a n\u0103molului<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Integritatea membranei<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Permeatul merge direct c\u0103tre consumatori \u2013 o singur\u0103 bre\u0219\u0103 este un incident de calitate a apei, f\u0103r\u0103 bufer de dezinfec\u021bie la sf\u00e2r\u0219it ca \u00eentr-o sta\u021bie de ap\u0103 rezidual\u0103<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.7422%;\" width=\"230\">Turbiditate online \u0219i num\u0103rarea particulelor, plus testarea periodic\u0103 a sc\u0103derii presiunii<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Interfa\u021ba de pre-tratament<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.0028%;\" width=\"230\">Performan\u021ba coagul\u0103rii determin\u0103 rata de murd\u0103rie, iar bazinele de floculare existente pot s\u0103 nu se potriveasc\u0103 noii sarcini<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 46.7422%;\" width=\"230\">Revede\u021bi tipul de coagulant \u0219i punctele de dozare; modifica\u021bi etapele de amestec \u0219i floculare dac\u0103 este nevoie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Fluxul de proiectare: unde se ascunde marja<\/h2>\n<p>Proiectele de retrofit au tendin\u021ba s\u0103 fie propuse cu un flux de proiectare agresiv, pentru c\u0103 un flux mai mare \u00eenseamn\u0103 mai pu\u021bine module \u0219i costuri mai reduse. Expunerea \u00eentr-o sta\u021bie de ap\u0103 potabil\u0103 este mai concentrat\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00eentr-o sta\u021bie de ap\u0103 rezidual\u0103: dac\u0103 temperatura sc\u0103zut\u0103 iarna \u0219i o alg\u0103 coincid, produc\u021bia scade imediat \u2013 iar partea clientului nu are niciun bufer.<\/p>\n<p>Abordarea defensabil\u0103 este s\u0103 selecta\u021bi fluxul de proiectare la cea mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 temperatur\u0103 anticipat\u0103 a apei \u0219i la cea mai mare sarcin\u0103 de alge, \u0219i s\u0103 specifica\u021bi aria membran\u0103 rezultat\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>O list\u0103 de verificare pentru retrofit<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Sondati celulele filtrului sau bazinele de sedimentare existente: dimensiuni reale, niveluri, freeboard \u0219i stare structural\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Revede\u021bi coagularea \u0219i pre-tratamentul pentru a confirma c\u0103 pot satisface turbiditatea \u0219i sarcina organic\u0103 necesare membranei.<\/li>\n<li>Furniza\u021bi date despre cea mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 temperatur\u0103 a apei pe parcursul anului \u0219i sarcina maxim\u0103 de alge.<\/li>\n<li>Defini\u021bi clar c\u0103ile de recuperare pentru apa de sp\u0103lare \u00eenapoi \u0219i c\u0103ile de eliminare pentru apa concentrat\u0103 \u0219i n\u0103mol.<\/li>\n<li>Furniza\u021bi raportul de calitate a apei brute.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Pasul urm\u0103tor<\/h2>\n<p>Dac\u0103 evalua\u021bi o modernizare sau extindere a unei sta\u021bii de ap\u0103 potabil\u0103 existente, trimite\u021bi-ne dimensiunile bazinelor, debitul curent, caracteristicile apei brute \u0219i standardul dorit pentru apa finit\u0103, \u0219i vom propune aria \u0219i configura\u021bia membranei necesare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u2013 Nollet<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reabilitarea UF submers\u0103 ajut\u0103 sta\u021biile de ap\u0103 potabil\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i m\u0103reasc\u0103 capacitatea \u00een cadrul bazinelor existente, abord\u00e2nd \u00een acela\u0219i timp proliferarea algei, temperaturile sc\u0103zute, integritatea membranei \u0219i riscurile de proiectare.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1129,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[236,234,235,140,237],"class_list":["post-1126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news","tag-drinking-water-treatment","tag-submerged-uf","tag-uf-membrane-retrofit","tag-ultrafiltration-membrane","tag-water-treatment-plant-upgrade"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nolletfilter.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}